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A Hardanger fiddle (or in (ノルウェー語:hardingfele)) is a traditional stringed instrument used originally to play the music of Norway. In modern designs, this type of fiddle is very similar to the violin, though with eight or nine strings (rather than four as on a standard violin) and thinner wood. Four of the strings are strung and played like a violin, while the rest, aptly named understrings or sympathetic strings, resonate under the influence of the other four. The Hardingfele is used mainly in the southwest part of Norway, whereas the ordinary violin (called ''flatfele'' - 'flat fiddle' or ''vanlig fele'' - 'common fiddle') is found elsewhere. The Hardingfele is used for dancing, accompanied by rhythmic loud foot stomping. It was also traditional for the fiddler to lead the bridal procession to the church. The instrument often is highly decorated, with a carved animal (usually a dragon or the Lion of Norway) or a carved woman's head as part of the scroll at the top of the pegbox, extensive mother of pearl inlay on the tailpiece and fingerboard, and black ink decorations called 'rosing' on the body of the instrument. Sometimes pieces of bone are used to decorate the pegs and the edges of the instrument. The earliest known example of the hardingfele is from 1651, made by Ole Jonsen Jaastad in Hardanger, Norway.〔Aksdal 1993, 21〕 Originally, the instrument had a rounder, narrower body.〔Aksdal 1993, 22〕 Around the year 1850, the modern layout with a body much like the violin became the norm. ==Tunings== :''See also ''Scordatura'' in folk music Unlike the violin, the Hardingfele is a transposing instrument, meaning that sheet music for the Hardingfele is written in a key other than the one in which the instrument sounds when it plays that music. Specifically, the Hardingfele is a "B-flat instrument" (as is, ''e.g.'', the trumpet), meaning that the Hardingfele's "written C" corresponds to (about 466 hertz on an instrument tuned to the usual 440 Hz for the first A above middle C). The notes given below for tunings are therefore relative to the Hardingfele's written A, not to a concert A. The understrings are tuned to vibrate according to the main tuning. For example, when the main strings are tuned A-D-A-E, the understrings are tuned B-D-E-F-A. The tuning largely depends on the region in which the instrument is being played, or the requirements of a particular tune. In Norway, more than 20 different tunings are recorded.〔Gurvin 1958.〕 Most hardanger tunes are played in a common tuning (A-D-A-E). The hardanger fiddle can also be played in "low bass", the word "bass" referring to the lowest string, (G-D-A-E), the normal violin tuning. In certain regions the "Gorrolaus" (F-D-A-E) tuning is sometimes used. Another tuning is called "troll tuning" (A-E-A-C). Troll tuning is used for the ''fanitullen'' tunes, also called the devil's tunes, as well as the tunes from the Kivlemøyane suite (thus associated with the hulderpeople as well as the devil); in the Valdres district of Norway, using this particular tuning is called "greylighting", a reminder that the fiddler tuned his fiddle like this when the morning was near, and he had played himself through a number of other tunings. Legend has it〔:no:Fanitullen〕 that the fiddler learned ''fanitullen'' tunes from the devil. This tuning limits the melodic range of the tunes and is therefore sparsely used. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hardanger fiddle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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